PM2.5, you know how much it (2013-12-28 09:26:36)

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PM2.5, you know how much it (2013-12-28 09:26:36)
PM come from? In the end what is the PM, it come from? That first Speaking from the PM's "ancestor" aerosols. Survival of the ambient atmosphere it is actually a dispersion foods of different states of india of solid or liquid particles from a variety foods of different states of india of a large uniformly dispersed in the air forming system, which is an aerosol system. This system is called the various particles of atmospheric foods of different states of india particulates (ParticulateMatter), which is what we call the PM. Since the formation of atmospheric particulate matter, migration, transformation foods of different states of india and removal processes and physical and chemical properties and particle size has a direct relationship, we can use them to characterize particle size. PM1 usually refers to less than or equal aerodynamic diameter of 1 micron particles, PM2.5 refers to particle size less than or equal to 2.5 microns, so PM10 referring to particle size less than or equal to 10 microns, including PM2.5 and PM1 and so on. So, these countless particles how is? Vice president of Atmospheric foods of different states of india Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science Zhu Bin told reporters, atmospheric particulate matter can be divided into natural sources of particulate matter and anthropogenic sources of particulate matter. Weathering product of natural sources of particulate matter, including Earth's surface rocks and soils, natural fires, soil dust, volcanic ash, sea salt particles, pollen foods of different states of india and fungal spores, particle size of such particles generally larger; while anthropogenic sources of particulate matter refers to fossil fuels particulate matter and biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, industrial dust, waste incineration and other human activities, the size of such particles is generally small. "On a global scale, the amount of particulate matter produced by natural processes is much larger foods of different states of india than the amount of particulate matter generated by human activity, but for the crowded city, the particles may be generated artificially than naturally occurring concentrations several orders of magnitude." "Our country is Coal-fired power, due to the atmospheric particulate matter generated from coal combustion accounts for a certain proportion. "deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Composition Wang Yaqiang said. Atmospheric particles is not a single component air pollutant, but by a complex consisting of different chemical components of variable atmospheric pollutants, which are the source of very complex. The generating process, the direct discharge to the atmosphere pollution particles as primary particles, and the emissions of gaseous pollutants from the sources through the gas - particle foods of different states of india conversion mechanism for generating a secondary particle. foods of different states of india Secondary particles finer impact on the environment and the human body are also more complex. Why small particles with large energy? In fact, the meteorological department in order to do research on dust storms and other weather conditions, very early for work carried out observations of PM10. The reason why the recent PM2.5 touted, because this is equivalent to the diameter of a human hair is about one-tenth of the small particles are blacklisted harm to human health. Research Associate, Institute of Atmospheric Composition CMA Li Yi explained, "the effect of atmospheric particulate matter on human particle size depends on three factors, the source (chemical composition), human exposure, etc. Among the smaller size of particles, the more easy to reach the depths of the respiratory tract, causing harm to the human body the greater. "In addition to the impact on the human body, atmospheric particles still pour rain clouds play an integral role. We know it is difficult to completely clean the formation of atmospheric precipitation, while in the air to form particulate matter little precipitation provides the necessary condensation nuclei is. These particles have a part of a strong absorbent, able to disperse water vapor in the atmosphere together, will form when it reaches a certain level of precipitation foods of different states of india fell on the ground. In addition to precipitation, such as hail, sleet and other weather disasters foods of different states of india are closely related to those of atmospheric particulate matter. But "when the number of particles as condensation nuclei present in many, but not conducive to produce precipitation." Research Associate, Institute of Atmospheric Composition Zhang Yang Mei said. This is because the water content in the cloud, under certain circumstances, excessive atmospheric particulate matter will also compete for the limited moisture, thus limiting the growth of cloud droplets, hinder generate precipitation. foods of different states of india Another atmospheric particulate matter important role by scattering or absorption of solar radiation and thus affect the global foods of different states of india climate. It is worth mentioning that black carbon (BlackCarbon) particles, which is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels and biomass combustion produced, foods of different states of india is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter. Black carbon can strongly foods of different states of india absorb solar radiation, atmospheric aerosols in the greatest contribution to the absorption of visible light, the temperature can significantly impact the region, cloudiness and rainfall, thereby affecting the global climate. Monitoring results with human feeling gnaw different? Diameter of atmospheric particles only a few microns is invisible to the naked eye, but why we can see the "dirty" in the fog and haze? This is because in the distribution of atmospheric aerosols, fine particles contribute to the largest number of aerosols, do not look at their body, "petite", there is a strong absorption, scattering effect. Especially particle foods of different states of india size of about 0.5 microns, the size of the visible wavelength close to visible light scattering effect on the strongest, can significantly affect atmospheric visibility, so clouded blue sky. Although closely related to the deterioration of visibility and fine particles, "but for the monitoring of atmospheric particulate matter based mainly foods of different states of india on the concentration, and those present foods of different states of india in a large number of fine particles contribute to air quality concentration is very small, so the people 'look to 'the fog and haze, the monitoring results with people sometimes feel different. "Zhang Yang Mei says. In addition, foods of different states of india "the humidity may also affect the monitoring results," Wang Yaqiang further explained that, for example, a mixture of fog and haze weather, air humidity, atmospheric particles will absorb moisture to grow up, the enhanced role of extinction. But most of the monitoring instruments to measure the weight of the dry particles, so the monitoring results will be small. "At present, foreign foods of different states of india countries have to work for the monitoring of aerosol number, and I believe the research to develop relevant standards, monitoring results and feel more similar to humans." Observation site location is too green yet? This year, although the country is beginning to establish monitoring stations for atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, but many people reflect some selected sites in the park, such as a more eco-friendly place, so monitoring results also real credible? In general, foods of different states of india the choice of monitoring foods of different states of india stations, especially the monitoring points in the meteorological department to choose an area that reflects the average level of the region. "We are concerned about the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter is not confined to the level of impact on human health, but also pay more attention to its possible impact on the regional climate." Wang Yaqiang said. Each region depends on the specific circumstances, some stations may be selected in the park, or the higher elevations, because the atmosphere here is more uniform mixing, but also more representative. If the site is the endless traffic on the road, which is equivalent to the pollution monitoring stations in the region, such as monitoring the value tends to be high. Moreover, the fine particle pollution with regional characteristics, each monitoring stations and monitoring the air quality changes within a radius of a few kilometers. PM2.5 longer life, along with the diffusion of atmospheric motion can be delivered to a certain foods of different states of india area. "So on behalf foods of different states of india of each of the air quality monitoring stations can be monitored by regional situation, not because in parks, scenic areas or green better monitoring data resulting foods of different states of india from the low." Zhu Bin said. Increasing the density of atmospheric particulate matter monitoring sites, foods of different states of india atmospheric pollution monitoring results will be more comprehensive and accurate. According to the relevant technical specifications, PM2.5 and other air quality monitoring stations to be set according to population density, urban population of more than 3 million to set up at least eight stations. "Affected by changes in the atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric pollution exposure time is greater than 8 am to 9:00 and 7:00 to 6:00 in the evening," Li Yi told reporters, this time with the morning peak, evening peak basically the same, During this time traveling public to pay attention to do protection work, and try to avoid outdoor activities. (Source: China Meteorological News)
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